Cone crusher is a widely used crushing equipment in industries such as mining, metallurgy, and construction, mainly used for medium and fine crushing of ores and rocks of various hardness. Here is a detailed introduction for you:
1、 Working principle
The cone crusher drives the belt pulley through an electric motor, causing the eccentric shaft to rotate and thus causing the moving cone to perform a swinging motion. When the moving cone approaches the stationary cone, the material is crushed by compression, impact, and bending; When the moving cone leaves the stationary cone, the crushed material is discharged under the action of gravity. The crushing process is continuous and has high production efficiency.
2、 Structural characteristics
Main components: It mainly consists of a frame, a fixed cone, a moving cone, an eccentric shaft, a bowl shaped bearing seat, a crushing chamber, and other parts. The rack is the supporting structure of the entire device, ensuring its stability; The fixed cone and the moving cone are key components directly involved in crushing, and their shape and material have a significant impact on the crushing effect; The eccentric shaft is the core component that drives the motion of the moving cone.
Multi layer crushing chamber: Cone crushers usually have multiple layers of crushing chambers, such as standard, medium, and short head types, which are available for selection. Different cavity types are suitable for different crushing stages and material particle size requirements. For example, the standard crushing chamber is suitable for medium crushing operations and can crush larger pieces of material into medium particle sizes; The short head type crushing chamber focuses more on fine crushing, which can further crush the material into smaller particles.
Hydraulic adjustment device: Many modern cone crushers are equipped with hydraulic adjustment devices, which can easily adjust the size of the discharge port to control the particle size of the crushed products. Through the hydraulic system, the gap between the moving cone and the fixed cone can be accurately adjusted to meet different production needs. At the same time, the hydraulic system can also provide protection when the equipment is overloaded. When unbreakable foreign objects enter the crushing chamber, the hydraulic device will automatically retract the moving cone, discharge the foreign objects, and then resume normal operation to avoid equipment damage.
Sealing and lubrication system: In order to ensure the normal operation of the equipment and extend its service life, the cone crusher is equipped with a good sealing and lubrication system. The sealing system can prevent dust from entering the interior of the equipment and reduce component wear; The lubrication system ensures that all moving parts are adequately lubricated, reducing frictional resistance and energy consumption, and improving the operational efficiency and reliability of the equipment.
3、 Classification
Spring cone crusher: This is a relatively traditional type of cone crusher, which is characterized by adjusting the gap between the moving cone and the fixed cone and providing equipment overload protection through springs. The structure of the spring cone crusher is relatively simple and the price is relatively low. It is still used in some small mines or situations where the crushing accuracy is not particularly high. But its automation level is relatively low, and adjusting the size of the discharge port is relatively inconvenient. Moreover, when dealing with materials with higher hardness, the performance of the spring may be affected to some extent.

Hydraulic cone crusher: With the development of technology, hydraulic cone crusher has gradually become mainstream. It utilizes a hydraulic system to achieve accurate adjustment of the discharge port, overload protection of the equipment, and automatic cleaning of the chamber. Hydraulic cone crusher has the advantages of high crushing ratio, high efficiency, low energy consumption, and uniform product particle size, which can adapt to a wider range of material types and production requirements. Moreover, it has a high degree of automation, allowing for remote monitoring and operation, facilitating production management and equipment maintenance.

Simmons cone crusher: This is a common type of cone crusher with a unique crushing chamber design that allows materials to be fully crushed and ground within the crushing chamber. The Simmons cone crusher performs excellently in medium and fine crushing operations, producing high-quality crushing products that are widely used in the crushing and processing of various metal and non-metal ores. It has a compact structure and stable performance, but relatively high requirements for operation and maintenance.
4、 Performance advantages
High crushing ratio: The cone crusher can crush larger materials into smaller particles at once, with a crushing ratio of about 4-30, greatly reducing the workload of subsequent crushing processes and improving production efficiency.
Uniform product particle size: Due to its unique crushing principle and structural design, the cone crusher produces crushed products with relatively uniform particle size, which meets the strict requirements of various industrial production for material particle size. For example, in the production of sand and stone materials for construction, uniform particle size can improve the performance and quality of materials such as concrete and asphalt.
Low energy consumption: Compared to some other types of crushers, cone crushers have relatively lower energy consumption during the crushing process. Its high-efficiency crushing chamber design and reasonable power configuration enable energy to be fully utilized, reducing the energy consumption cost per unit product, which is in line with the development trend of energy conservation and emission reduction.
Strong adaptability: The cone crusher can process ores and rocks of various hardness, from low hardness limestone to high hardness iron ore, granite, etc., all of which can be effectively crushed. At the same time, it also has a certain adaptability to damp materials and can maintain good working performance in some rainy areas or material crushing operations with high moisture content.
5、 Application Fields
Mining industry: Cone crushers are key equipment for ore crushing in mining operations. Whether it is an open-pit mine or an underground mine, it can crush the extracted large ore into a particle size suitable for subsequent beneficiation or transportation. For example, in metal mines such as copper and iron mines, cone crushers are used to break the raw ore into fine particles for flotation, magnetic separation, and other beneficiation processes to extract useful metal components; In non-metallic mines such as limestone and marble, cone crushers can produce building stones and industrial raw materials of different particle sizes.
Metallurgical industry: In the metallurgical industry, cone crushers are used to finely crush metal ores such as iron ore and copper ore, providing suitable particle size raw materials for smelting processes such as blast furnace ironmaking and electric furnace steelmaking. It can ensure the uniformity and stability of raw material particle size, improve smelting efficiency and product quality. At the same time, cone crushers also play an important role in the treatment and recycling of metallurgical waste, as they can crush the waste and extract valuable metals from it again.
Construction industry: The construction industry has a huge demand for sand and stone materials, and cone crushers are important equipment for producing high-quality sand and stone materials for construction. It can break various rocks into sand and stones that meet building standards, which are used for concrete mixing, road paving, building construction and other projects. For example, in highway construction, high-quality stone materials produced by cone crushers can be used as roadbed and pavement aggregates to ensure the strength and stability of the road; In the construction of high-rise buildings, precise grain size sand and gravel are key raw materials for producing high-strength concrete.
Other industries: In addition to the main industries mentioned above, cone crushers are widely used in chemical, water conservancy, railway and other industries. In the chemical industry, it is used to crush various chemical raw materials such as salt ore, gypsum, etc; In hydraulic engineering, providing the required stone materials for projects such as dams and hydropower stations; In railway construction, the ballast produced by cone crushers provides good support and drainage performance for railway tracks.